Letter from R[obin] L[inda] and G[eorge] H[ansen] to Helen Muir, 1905 Nov.

Offered as a Sweet-smelling savour to the children of Berkeley from a happy home.Thanksgiving, 1905.[illegible]THANKSGIVING-SONGIN WORDAND DEED04228 These paper-bags here, all for you,For every lass and laddie too;In them three bulbs so fat and round As only grow in Holland\u27s ground, They came to us and want to live In any soil that you may give, In wind or shelter, bed or spot, In sun or shade, in box or pot. And as you children wish to know How right to plant, how best to grow, Just follow what we have to tell: We\u27ve lived with them, and know them well.Plant each in holes five inches deep, And ere you think it, there will peep A bunch of leaves into the light, First tightly packed, then stretched in might, And in the centre of its hold Now forms a stem, alone and bold.It bears a button for a head Wrapped tight as if in fear of wet. But wait, till but the sun is out Then see, and hear the joyous shout As now it bursts with whim and will Into the TRUMPET DAFFODILWhile still at home the winds do blow And tell of storms and distant snow. But louder only blows the horn: Springtime has come when I am born, My tender garment, golden dressed Declares that HOPE is manifest.The other bulb, its fairest mate, Doth now unfold, a trifle late, In purest white with crimson eye That never questions when or why, But tells of FAITH in heaven found, The words of Easter, world-around. NARCISSUS is its cheery name, Its soul, a Christ, from Heaven came.The third--wee thing--of different kind Of rush-like foliage, modest mind, Of smaller growth, in darker shade, Brings tresses many, finely made. They are but small, yet we are told, Of heavy texture, purest gold. And for a message they impart The incense of a grateful heart. A voice that all can understand,From northern clime to southern land, The voice of everlasting LOVE From earth beneath to heaven above. They gave it JONQUIL for a name, Of worldwide beauty, worldwide fame.Now, children when these flowers glow Enjoy them, love them as they grow,Content to leave them where they stand Or pluck them for another hand;But promise that the bulbs alone Shall rest till all the leaves are gone.Forget about them, as it were, As if you did no longer care. And lo, a year from planting day A double number makes its way In HOPE, FAITH, LOVE, to golden bliss Your DAFF\u27DIL, JONQUIL and NARCISS.Trot off, you happy gard\u27ning lot, Dig up your bed, seek out your spot. And if a thought of thanks should come To Mary\u27s heart or lips of Tom, Remember then the givers\u27 mood: Be HAPPY, that it is GRATITUDE

The rise and fall of early oil field technology: The torsion balance gradiometer

Today elementary physics students take for granted such quantities as "big G," the universal gravitational constant. In fact in the late 1700s the value of this quantity was unknown, and the quest to determine it led to some of the earliest geophysical instrumentation. Just after the Revolutionary War in the United States, Cavendish developed the first system to measure the universal gravitational constant, the familiar "big G." Unfortunately, for geologists (at this time still mostly "gentlemen scientists"), this apparatus produced data which were difficult to interpret geologically, and it was far too large and cumbersome for field use. The geologic limitation was that the system only measured the horizontal derivative of a horizontal component of the gravity field, a quantity which by itself is difficult to interpret. Thus no applications of this elegant yet laboratory-bound instrument emerged

The rise and fall of early oil field technology: The torsion balance gradiometer

Today elementary physics students take for granted such quantities as "big G," the universal gravitational constant. In fact in the late 1700s the value of this quantity was unknown, and the quest to determine it led to some of the earliest geophysical instrumentation. Just after the Revolutionary War in the United States, Cavendish developed the first system to measure the universal gravitational constant, the familiar "big G." Unfortunately, for geologists (at this time still mostly "gentlemen scientists"), this apparatus produced data which were difficult to interpret geologically, and it was far too large and cumbersome for field use. The geologic limitation was that the system only measured the horizontal derivative of a horizontal component of the gravity field, a quantity which by itself is difficult to interpret. Thus no applications of this elegant yet laboratory-bound instrument emerged

The CHARGE study: an epidemiologic investigation of genetic and environmental factors contributing to autism.

Causes and contributing factors for autism are poorly understood. Evidence suggests that prevalence is rising, but the extent to which diagnostic changes and improvements in ascertainment contribute to this increase is unclear. Both genetic and environmental factors are likely to contribute etiologically. Evidence from twin, family, and genetic studies supports a role for an inherited predisposition to the development of autism. Nonetheless, clinical, neuroanatomic, neurophysiologic, and epidemiologic studies suggest that gene penetrance and expression may be influenced, in some cases strongly, by the prenatal and early postnatal environmental milieu. Sporadic studies link autism to xenobiotic chemicals and/or viruses, but few methodologically rigorous investigations have been undertaken. In light of major gaps in understanding of autism, a large case-control investigation of underlying environmental and genetic causes for autism and triggers of regression has been launched. The CHARGE (Childhood Autism Risks from Genetics and Environment) study will address a wide spectrum of chemical and biologic exposures, susceptibility factors, and their interactions. Phenotypic variation among children with autism will be explored, as will similarities and differences with developmental delay. The CHARGE study infrastructure includes detailed developmental assessments, medical information, questionnaire data, and biologic specimens. The CHARGE study is linked to University of California-Davis Center for Children's Environmental Health laboratories in immunology, xenobiotic measurement, cell signaling, genomics, and proteomics. The goals, study design, and data collection protocols are described, as well as preliminary demographic data on study participants and on diagnoses of those recruited through the California Department of Developmental Services Regional Center System

Neonatal cytokines and chemokines and risk of Autism Spectrum Disorder: the Early Markers for Autism (EMA) study: a case-control study.

BackgroundBiologic markers of infection and inflammation have been associated with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) but prior studies have largely relied on specimens taken after clinical diagnosis. Research on potential biologic markers early in neurodevelopment is required to evaluate possible causal pathways and screening profiles.ObjectiveTo investigate levels of cytokines and chemokines in newborn blood specimens as possible early biologic markers for autism.MethodsWe conducted a population-based case-control study nested within the cohort of infants born from July 2000 to September 2001 to women who participated in the prenatal screening program in Orange County, California, USA. The study population included children ascertained from the California Department of Developmental Services with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD, n = 84), or developmental delay but not ASD (DD, n = 49), and general population controls randomly sampled from the birth certificate files and frequency matched to ASD cases on sex, birth month and birth year (GP, n = 159). Cytokine and chemokine concentrations were measured in archived neonatal blood specimens collected for routine newborn screening.ResultsCytokines were not detected in the vast majority of newborn samples regardless of case or control status. However, the chemokine monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) was elevated and the chemokine Regulated upon Activation Normal T-Cell Expressed and Secreted (RANTES) was decreased in ASD cases compared to GP controls. The chemokines macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha (MIP-1α) and RANTES were decreased in children with DD compared to GP controls.ConclusionMeasurement of immune system function in the first few days of life may aid in the early identification of abnormal neurodevelopment and shed light on the biologic mechanisms underlying normal neurodevelopment

The Political Economy of Deforestation in the Tropics

Tropical deforestation accounts for almost one-fifth of greenhouse gas emissions worldwide and threatens the world's most diverse ecosystems. The prevalence of illegal forest extraction in the tropics suggests that understanding the incentives of local bureaucrats and politicians who enforce forest policy may be critical to understanding tropical deforestation. We find support for this thesis using a novel satellite-based dataset that tracks annual changes in forest cover across eight years of institutional change in post-Soeharto Indonesia. Increases in the numbers of political jurisdictions are associated with increased deforestation and with lower prices in local wood markets, consistent with a model of Cournot competition between jurisdictions. Illegal logging increases dramatically in the years leading up to local elections, suggesting the presence of "political logging cycles". And, illegal logging and rents from unevenly distributed oil and gas revenues are short run substitutes, but this effect dissapears over time as political turnover occurs. The results illustrate how incentives faced by local government officials affect deforestation, and provide an example of how standard economic theories can explain illegal behavior.